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MICHAEL SANDEL’İN PİYASA TOPLUMU ELEŞTİRİSİ VE İKTİSADİ ADALET ARAYIŞI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1617 - 1635, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.756212

Öz

Modern kapitalizmi içselleştiren toplumlarda aşırı servet birikimi ve zenginleşmenin görüldüğü bir gerçektir. Diğer yandan bu süreç toplumsal alanda kapanmaz uçurumlar meydana getirir. Modern kapitalizm ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik ederken insanın özne konumunda büyük yaralar açar. Zenginleşme uğruna insanın bir meta gibi görülüp araçsallaştırılması bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan psiko-patolojik sorunlar yumağını ortaya çıkarır. Bu durum sosyo-kültürel alanda baskı ve tahribata yol açar. Ekonomik ve politik sistem nüfuzunu geniş ölçüde arttırır. Böyle bir ortamda Batılı birey derin bir anlam kaybına maruz kalır. Micheal Sandel, bu olumsuz özellikleri kapsayan günümüz kapitalist toplumunu “piyasa toplumu” olarak tanımlar. Bu çalışmada Sandel’in piyasa toplumunu eleştirerek iktisadi adalete ulaşma çabası araştırılacaktır. Batı dünyasında büyük üne kavuşan Harvardlı profesörün özellikle iktisadi adalete dair görüşleri hakkında akademik camiamızda yapılan çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Sandel’in yaklaşımı, serbest piyasa sisteminin bugün geldiği son noktayı vurgulaması açısından önemlidir. Araştırmalara göre Sandel piyasa toplumunda, insan da dahil olmak üzere her değerin metalaştığını ifade eder. O, ekonomi ve ahlak arasındaki derin ayrılığa dikkat çeker. Onun iktisadi adalete dair görüşlerinin aktarılması nihayetinde kendi toplumumuz açısından dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar içerir.

Kaynakça

  • Bewes, T. (2008). Şeyleşme. D. Soysal (Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Cox, H. (1999). The market as God, living in the new dispensation. The Atlantic Monthly, 283 (3), 18-23.
  • Dowie, M. (1977). Pinto madness. Mother Jones, 2, 18-32.
  • Duran, B. (2017). Din ve kapitalizm. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Duran, B. (1997). Sekülerleşme krizi ve bir çıkış yolu arayışı. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Giddens, A. (2012). Kapitalizm ve modern sosyal teori (3. Baskı). Ü. Tatlıcan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Gneezy, U. ve Rustichini, A. (2000). A fine is price. Journal of Legal Studies, 29, 1-17.
  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action I. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1973). Legitimation crisis. T. MacCarthy (Trans.). London: Heinemann.
  • Horkheimer, M. (1947). Eclipse of reason. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Kiscusi, W. K. (2000). Corporate risk analysis: a reckless act? Stanford Law Review, 52.
  • Lukacs, G. (1971). History and class consciousness: Studies in Marxsist dialectics. (R. Livingstone, Trans.), Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • MacIntyre, A. (1988). Whose Justice? Which Rationality?. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Mankiw, N. G. (2004). Principles of economics (3. Ed). Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.
  • Marx, K. (1975). Early writings (R. Livingstone, Trans.). Harmondsworth, United Kingdom: Penguin.
  • Polanyi, K. (1935). The essence of fascism, Christianity and the social revolution. London: Victor Gollancz.
  • Samuelson, P. A. (1958). Economics: An introductory analysis (4. Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2018). Populism, liberalism and democracy, Philosophy and Social Criticism.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2013). Market reasoning as moral reasoning: Why economists should re-engage with political philosophy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (4).
  • Sandel, M. J. (2012). Justice: What money can’t buy: The moral limits of markets. London: Allen Lane.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2009). Justice: What’s the right thing to do ?. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Sandel M. J. (2005). Public philosophy: Essays on morality in politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1999). Liberalism and republicanism: Friends or foes? A reply to Richard Dagger. The Review of Politics, 61 (2), 209-214.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1998). Liberalism and the limits of justice. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1998b). Democracy’s discontent: America in search of a public philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1998c). Democrats and community: A public philosophy for american liberalism, The New Republic, 22.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1997). The constitution of the procedural republic: Liberal rights and civic virtues, The Order of the Coif Annual Lecture, Lecture, Fordham Law Review Volume, 66 (1), 1-20.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1996). America’s search for a new public philosophy. The Atlantic Monthly, 277 (3), 57-74.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1994). Review: political liberalism by John Rawls, Harvard Law Review, 107 (7), 1765- 1794.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1989). Moral argument and liberal toleration: Abortion and homosexuality, California Law Review, 521- 538.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1984). The procedural republic and the unencumbered self. Political Theory, 12 (1), 81-96.
  • Sandel M. J., Hoffman, S. (2005). Markets, morals and civic life, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 58 (4), 6-11.
  • Weber, M. (1950). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (3rd ed.) T. Parsons, (Trans.). New York, NY: Charles Scripner’s Son.

MICHAEL SANDEL'S CRITICISM OF THE MARKET SOCIETY AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC JUSTICE

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1617 - 1635, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.756212

Öz

It is a fact that excessive accumulation of wealth and enrichment are seen in societies that have internalized modern capitalism. But this process creates irreversible gaps in the social field. While modern capitalism promotes economic growth, it inflicts great wounds on the human subject position. Regarding the human as a commodity and instrumentalization for the sake of enrichment reveals a tangle of individual and social psycho-pathological problems. This situation causes pressure and destruction in the socio-cultural field. The Western individual suffers a deep loss of meaning. Sandel defines today's capitalist society, which includes these negative features, as "market society". In this study, Sandel's effort to achieve economic justice by criticizing the market society will be investigated. There are very few studies in our academic community about Sandel, who has gained a great reputation in the Western world, especially on economic justice. Sandel's approach is important in terms of emphasizing the last point the free market system has reached today. Sandel means that every value, including human, is commodified in the market society. He points out the profound separation between economy and morality. The transfer of his views on economic justice ultimately includes issues that should be considered in terms of our own society.

Kaynakça

  • Bewes, T. (2008). Şeyleşme. D. Soysal (Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Cox, H. (1999). The market as God, living in the new dispensation. The Atlantic Monthly, 283 (3), 18-23.
  • Dowie, M. (1977). Pinto madness. Mother Jones, 2, 18-32.
  • Duran, B. (2017). Din ve kapitalizm. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Duran, B. (1997). Sekülerleşme krizi ve bir çıkış yolu arayışı. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Giddens, A. (2012). Kapitalizm ve modern sosyal teori (3. Baskı). Ü. Tatlıcan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Gneezy, U. ve Rustichini, A. (2000). A fine is price. Journal of Legal Studies, 29, 1-17.
  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action I. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1973). Legitimation crisis. T. MacCarthy (Trans.). London: Heinemann.
  • Horkheimer, M. (1947). Eclipse of reason. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Kiscusi, W. K. (2000). Corporate risk analysis: a reckless act? Stanford Law Review, 52.
  • Lukacs, G. (1971). History and class consciousness: Studies in Marxsist dialectics. (R. Livingstone, Trans.), Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • MacIntyre, A. (1988). Whose Justice? Which Rationality?. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Mankiw, N. G. (2004). Principles of economics (3. Ed). Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.
  • Marx, K. (1975). Early writings (R. Livingstone, Trans.). Harmondsworth, United Kingdom: Penguin.
  • Polanyi, K. (1935). The essence of fascism, Christianity and the social revolution. London: Victor Gollancz.
  • Samuelson, P. A. (1958). Economics: An introductory analysis (4. Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2018). Populism, liberalism and democracy, Philosophy and Social Criticism.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2013). Market reasoning as moral reasoning: Why economists should re-engage with political philosophy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (4).
  • Sandel, M. J. (2012). Justice: What money can’t buy: The moral limits of markets. London: Allen Lane.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2009). Justice: What’s the right thing to do ?. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Sandel M. J. (2005). Public philosophy: Essays on morality in politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1999). Liberalism and republicanism: Friends or foes? A reply to Richard Dagger. The Review of Politics, 61 (2), 209-214.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1998). Liberalism and the limits of justice. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1998b). Democracy’s discontent: America in search of a public philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1998c). Democrats and community: A public philosophy for american liberalism, The New Republic, 22.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1997). The constitution of the procedural republic: Liberal rights and civic virtues, The Order of the Coif Annual Lecture, Lecture, Fordham Law Review Volume, 66 (1), 1-20.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1996). America’s search for a new public philosophy. The Atlantic Monthly, 277 (3), 57-74.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1994). Review: political liberalism by John Rawls, Harvard Law Review, 107 (7), 1765- 1794.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1989). Moral argument and liberal toleration: Abortion and homosexuality, California Law Review, 521- 538.
  • Sandel, M. J. (1984). The procedural republic and the unencumbered self. Political Theory, 12 (1), 81-96.
  • Sandel M. J., Hoffman, S. (2005). Markets, morals and civic life, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 58 (4), 6-11.
  • Weber, M. (1950). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (3rd ed.) T. Parsons, (Trans.). New York, NY: Charles Scripner’s Son.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ahmet Yavuz Çamlı 0000-0002-0746-9755

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çamlı, A. Y. (2020). MICHAEL SANDEL’İN PİYASA TOPLUMU ELEŞTİRİSİ VE İKTİSADİ ADALET ARAYIŞI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(4), 1617-1635. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.756212